潮湿环境下古代土遗址的原位保护加固研究

Study on consolidation and conservation of historical earthen sites in moisture circumstances conservation of Tangshan Site in situ

古遗址的保护是文物保护工作中最复杂的问题之一,而土质文物是文物保护中最难保护的文物,所以古代土遗址的保护已在国际上被列为专门的保护项目,而处于潮湿环境下的古代土遗址保护的课题在文化遗产实物和遗迹就地保存和展示领域就更为迫切。浙江良渚文化是中国新石器时代长江流域最重要的史前文化,塘山遗址位于良渚文化遗址的西北部,选择了PS(硅酸钾)、WD-10(十二烷基三甲氧基硅烷)、WD-S(低聚甲氧基硅烷)、RTV(聚有机硅氧烷+硅酸乙酯)4种保护材料对塘山遗址进行了保护加固实验研究。室内实验和现场实验(2个月,6个月,9个月)的结果都表明,RTV和WD-10防水性优于WD-S,WD-10和WD-S材料仅能作为防水材料,PS材料仅能作为加固材料使用,而RTV则具有较好的加固和防水效果,且加样量越大,强度提高越多。

The conservation of the historical sites is one of the most complicated issues of cultural heritage conservation; and earthen cultural heritage is the most difficult; so the conservation of the historical earthen sites has been listed as the special conservation item. As for the historical earthen sites in moisture circumstances, the task of the conservation and exhibit is more urgent. The Liangzhu Culture of Neolithic period is the most important prehistory culture in the Yangtze River valley and Tangshan Site is located northwest of the Liangzhu Sites. Four protective materials are chosen to implement on Tangshan Site in situ, i.e. PS, WD-10, WD-S, and RTV. The results of experiments in lab and in situ （after 2 months, 6 months, and 9 months） indicated that the waterproof character of RTV and WD-10 are better than WD-S, and WD-10 and WD-S could only be used as waterproof materials, PS could only be used as consolidant but RTV was of favorable waterproof and consolidation effect.