温差发电器中热电材料物性的影响分析

Effect analysis for physics characteristic of thermo-electric materials in thermo-electric generator

考虑温差材料的塞贝克效应及电流的珀耳帖效应,与传热方程相结合,建立了温差发电器的一维计算模型,数值模拟了温差发电器的热电耦合工作过程。主要分析了温差材料的导热系数、电阻率和塞贝克系数的变化及其变物性计算对温差发电器工作性能的影响。计算表明,材料的导热系数、电阻率及塞贝克系数对发电器转换效率的影响规律均为非线性的,其中导热系数的影响作用最明显;当发电器的温差电元件物性参数差别较大时,其内部有不同的温度分布,采用平均值计算会有明显的误差;温差材料物性参数随温度变化后,发电器工作性能有较大的变化。

A one-dimensional calculation model for thermoelectric generator was presented with considering the Peltier and Seeback effects of the thermoelectric materials and combining with the heat transfer equation. Numerical simulation for thermo-electrical couple process of the thermoelectric generator was processed. The effects of conductivity, resistivity, Seebeck factors and the calculation of changing physical character of the materials on working characteristics of thermoelectric generator were analyzed. The results show that conductive, resistivity and Seebeck factors affect the efficiency of the generator with non-linear, and the effects of the conductivity are obvious. When the difference of physical parameters in thermoelectric generator is large, the distribution of temperature in the generator is different, so the error is obvious using average temperature to calculate. Considering physical parameters of the material change with temperature, the characteristics of the thermoelectric generator change largely.