“停”和“停止”及其偏误分析

On "Ting" and "Tingzhi"

根据各类工具书的释义,"停"有3个主要义项,"停止"只有1个义项。两者在使用频率、时效,对宾语的词性和音节等方面的要求以及构成动补结构时存在显著差异。本文调查发现,"停"的使用频率高于"停止";"停"的时效短于"停止";"停"多带单音节的名词性宾语,而"停止"则多带双音节的动词性宾语;由"停"构成的动补结构比"停止"丰富。留学生的偏误大都是在不清楚上述差异的情况下造成的。

＂Ting＂ has three main meanings, while ＂tingzhi＂ only has one. Notable differences between the two words exist in terms of frequency, time validity, requirements on the part of speech and syllable of objects, as well as verb-complement structures. Through an investigation, we found that ＂ring＂ is more frequently used than ＂tingzhi＂; ＂ ring＂ has shorter time validity than ＂tingzhi＂ ; ＂ring＂ tends to be followed by single-syllable noun objects, while ＂tingzhi＂ tends to lead double-syllable verb objects; verb-complement structures with ＂ring＂ appear more than with ＂tingzhi＂. The errors made by foreign students usually result from confusion of these differences.