广西恭城瑶族自治县瑶、汉民族新生儿α地中海贫血4个类型的分布

Distribution of 4 types of α thalassemia in Yao and Han neonates in Gongcheng Yao Ethnic Autonomous County of Guangxi

目的:筛查广西恭城瑶族自治县瑶族和汉族新生儿4个类型α地中海贫血,以了解其分布规律及对指导优生优育的意义。方法:应用常规血红蛋白(Hb)电泳对广西恭城瑶族自治县1421例瑶族新生儿(男710例,女711例)和583例汉族新生儿(男296例,女287例)脐血定量检测Hb-Bart,按国内诊断标准对4个类型α地贫检出率进行分析。结果:瑶、汉两民族α地贫检出率分别为9.71%和7.72%,两者比较其差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);其中瑶族新生儿α地贫4个类型的分布是:标准型α地贫(α1地贫)占7.39%(105/1421),静止型α地贫(α2地贫)占1.83%(26/1421),Hb-H病占0.42%(6/1421),Hb-Bart胎儿水肿综合征占0.07%(1/1421);汉族新生儿相应α地贫4个类型的分布是:α1地贫占4.97%(29/583),α2地贫占2.05%(12/583),Hb-H病占0.51%(3/583),Hb-Bart胎儿水肿综合征占0.17%(1/583)。结论:广西恭城瑶族自治县瑶族新生儿α地贫发生率高于汉族新生儿,两民族的4个类型α地贫的分布规律相同。

Objective ; To screen and analyse 4 types of α thalassemia of Yao and Han ethnic neonates in Gongcheng Yao ethnic autonomous county of Guangxi. Methods.. The hemoglobin（Hb） Bart （Hb-Bart）was qualified in umbilial cord blood from 1421 Yao ethnic neonates （710 boys and 711 girls） and 583 Han neonates（296 boys and 287 girls） using electrophoresis. The distribution of 4 types of a thalassemia between the two ethnic neonates were analyzed. Results ： The positive rates of α thalassemia in Yao and Han neonates were 9.71% and 7.72% （ P〈0. 05）, respectively. The distribution of 4 types of α thalassemia Yao and Han neonates were 7.39% （105/1421） V. S 4. 97% （29/583） in standard type （α1 thalassemia）, 1.38% （26/1421） V. S 2.05% （12/583） in silent type （α2 thalassemia）, 0. 42% （6/ 1421） V. S 0. 51% （3/583） in Hb-H disease, 0.07% （1/1421） V.S 0. 17% （1/583） in fetal edema syndrome. Conclusion： The incidence of the α thalassemia in Yao ethnic is higher than that of Han ethnic in Gongcheng Yao ethnic county of Guangxi. The distribution of 4 types of α thalassemia between Yao and Han athnic is similar.