桂南地区夏季单栋塑料大棚小气候特征分析

Microclimate Characteristics of Plastic Greenhouse in the Summer in Southern Area of Guangxi

[目的]探讨桂南地区夏季单栋塑料大棚小气候变化特征。[方法]对单栋塑料大棚夏季小气候条件进行观测，并且对比分析棚内外小气候特征。[结果]棚内透光率为76％～79％，晴天相对较高，阴天较低；棚内日平均气温平均增温1．1～2．9℃，晴天增幅最大，阴天最小；晴天22：00—06：00棚内气温出现“温度逆转”，降幅为0．2～1．1℃；最高气温晴天及多云天棚内明显高于棚外10℃，阴天则为5℃；最低气温晴天及多云天棚内出现“温度逆转”，但不足1℃；3种典型天气棚内各土层平均温度增温2．2-4．2℃；晴天与多云天气地表最高温度棚内较棚外增温达15—16℃，最低气温增温则仅为1-2℃，日较差达13-14℃；3种典型天气平均相对湿度棚内均低于棚外3％，但8：00～18：00棚内湿度平均低于棚外8％，其他时次棚内湿度则平均高于棚外3％。[结论]该研究为农业工作者指导夏季大棚生产提供切实的小气候管理依据。

[Objective] The research aimed to study the microclimate characteristics of plastic greenhouse in the summer in southem area of Guangxi. [Method] Microclimate condition in the summer was observed in the plastic greenhouse. And the microclimate characteristics in the inside and outside of the plastic greenhouse were contracted, [Result] The transmittance was 76% - 79% in the awning. The transmittance was high in the cloudless days, while that was low in the cloudy days. The daily average temperature increased 1.1 - 2.9℃ equally in the awning. The increasing rate of the daily average temperature was the biggest in the cloudless days, while that was the smallest in the cloudy daYS. There was Temperature Reversal from 22 p.m. to 6 a.m. inside the plastic greenhouse in the cloudless days. And the temperature decreasing scope was 0.2 - 1.1 ℃. Highest temperature in the cloudless days inside was higher than outside obviously for 10 ℃, while in cloudy day for 5 ℃. lowest temperature in the cloudless days appears Temperature Reversal, but insufficient 1 ℃. The average temperature in the various soil layers increased 2.2 -4.2 ℃ in three kinds of typical weather. The surface max- imum temperature in the cloudless days and in the cloudy weather was higher than outside 15 - 16 ℃, while the lowest temperature only was 1 - 2 ℃. Thus the daily range reached 13- 14 ℃. The average relative humidity inside was lower than outside 3% in three kinds of typical weather. But the humidity inside was lower than outside 8% from 8 a.m. to 18 p.m., and in other time that was higher than outside 3%. [Conclusion] The research provided the scientific basis for the instruction agricultural production and the big awning management.