新型专用肥对大白菜产量·品质和养分利用率的影响

Effects of A New Special Fertilizer on the Yield,Quality and Nutrient Use Efficiency of Chinese Cabbage

[目的]为新型肥料的研制提供参考依据。[方法]配制新型白菜专用肥（N：P2O5：K2O=16：7：13），设5个肥料处理，比较了新型专用肥、普通肥料和俄罗斯复合肥对大白菜的施用效果。[结果]新型专用肥显著或极显著增加大白菜的产量。与普通肥料相比，施用等养分量、等养分比例的肥料，新型专用肥可增产10．0％；与俄罗斯复合肥（N：P2O5：K2O=16：16：16）相比，施用等养分量的新型专用肥可增产20．0％。新型专用肥能明显改善大白菜品质，可溶性糖含量可提高2．7—3．4g／100g，达到显著或极显著水平；还可明显提高肥料利用率，氮、磷、钾比普通肥料分别提高3．4％、2．4％和9．8％，比俄罗斯复合肥分别提高-0．1％、10，O％和9，5％。[结论]研究开发新型专用肥是实现作物增产增收和保护环境的一项有效措施。

[ Objective] The aim of the research was to provide reference basis for the development of new special fertilizers. [ Method ] A new type of special fertilizer （N： P2O5 ： K2O = 16：7 ： 13 ） for Chinese cabbage was prepared. 5 fertilizer treatments were set up to compare the application effects of new special fertilizer, common fertilizer and Russia compound fertilizer on Chinese cabbage. [ Result] New special fertilizer increased the yield of Chinese cabbage significantly or extremely significantly. Compared with common fertilizer, applying special fertilizer could increase the yield by 10.0% when fertilizers were applied with equal nutrient amount and equal nutrient proportion. Compared with Russia compound fertilizer（N： P2O5 ： K2O = 16：16：16）, applying new special fertilizer with equal nutrient amount could increase the yield by 20.0%. New special fertilizer could obviously improve the quality of Chinese cabbage and the soluble sugar content was increased by 2.7 - 3.4 g/100 g, reaching significant or extremely significant level. It could obviously increase the use efficiency of fertilizers. N, PandKwere increased by 3.4%, 2.4% and 9.8% resp. than common fertilizer and by -0.1%, 10.0% and 9.5% resp. than Russia compound fertilizer. [ Conclusion] It was a valid measure for realizing the yield increase of crop and protecting the environment to study and develop new special fertilizers.