1991-2006年合肥市15岁以下儿童乙型病毒性肝炎流行病学分析

Epidemiological analysis of hepatitis B in children under fifteen years of age in Hefei from 1991 to 2006

目的分析1991-2006年15岁以下儿童乙型病毒性肝炎(乙肝)的流行规律。方法对1991-2006年合肥市儿童乙肝法定传染病报告系统和儿童乙肝监测系统流行病学个案调查资料,利用Epi Info 2002及Excel软件进行统计分析。结果1991-2006年间,全市共报告儿童乙肝发病3189例,年均发病率为19.31/10万。1994年发病率最高,报告病例数579例,发病率为56.21/10万;2005年发病率最低,报告病例数32例,发病率为3.31/10万;2006年发病率为3.39/10万。儿童乙肝占乙肝总发病的构成比呈逐年下降趋势,从1991年的18.23%到2006年的1.84%。结论儿童乙肝发病率从1991-2006年有明显下降趋势,进行乙肝疫苗接种是控制乙肝最有效措施之一。应进一步加强新生儿乙肝疫苗接种,做好学龄前儿童、中小学生(尤其是高危人群)的乙肝疫苗接种工作。

Objective The study was conducted to analyze the epidemiological characteristics of hepatitis B in children under fifteen years of age （hepatitis B in children） from 1991 to 2006. Methods The epidemiological case investigation was conducted based on the data from the notifiable disease reporting system and surveillance system for hepatitis B in children in Hefei from 1991 to 2006. Statistical analysis was completed using Epi Info2002 and Excel. Results A total of 3189 cases of hepatitis B in children were reported in Hefei from 1991 to 2006 with the average annual incidence of 19.31/ lakh. The highest incidence, 56.21/lakh, was in 1994 as 579 cases were reported in this year, whereas the lowest incidence, 3.31/lakh, was in 2005 with only 32 cases reported. The incidence in 2006 was 3.39/lakh. An annually declining trend of the incidence rate of hepatitis B in children, which decreased from 18.23%in 1991 to 1.84%in 2006, was seen in proportion to the overall incidence. Conclusion The incidence rate of hepatitis B in children was decreasing obviously from 1991 to 2006, suggesting that planned immunization was the most effective measure to control hepatitis B. Therefore, neonatal hepatitis B vaccinations should be further intensified, and vaccinations for preschool, primary and secondary school children （especially high-risk groups） should be ensured.