文化与创意产业集群的研究谱系和前沿:走向文化生态隐喻?

RESEARCH GENEALOGY AND PROSPECT ON CREATIVE CLUSTERS:THE METAPHOR OF CULTURE ECOLOGY

文章基于文献研究,梳理文化和创意产业集群的研究谱系,指出该领域学术界:①没有将文化和创意产业本体论知识整合到集群分析框架;②对艺术家和创意阶层及其项目生产方式、知识流的空间过程关注十分薄弱;③忽视文化消费和中介因素对创意集群和文化生产的反身性;④比较偏向生产型创意集群的研究、忽视空间型创意集群和消费型文化产业园区和城市空间的研究;⑤在研究方法上相对单一。作者提出通过运用文化生态系统隐喻,进一步展开综合研究的可能性。

Based on a comprehensive literature reviewing,this paper shows main conceptions,interpretations and issues in the field of creative clusters, which are summarized as follows： 1 ）studies on conception and classifications of creative clusters and cultural qualters;2）studies on locational interpretation of creative clusters by focusing on creative milieu and creative city;3 ）studies on production networks and internal and external connections of cultural industries and project ecology in creative industries;4）studies on creativity and knowledge flow of creative clusters with a focus on creative ecology, creative field and globle pipeline; 5）studies on artists and creative class;6）studies on creative cluster management and culture policy;7）studies on creative clusters in the context ofgentrification,industrial heritage preservation and reusing and urban renewal. several evident knowledge blank spots are identified in the paper： 1） researchers pay little attention to the ontology of cultural industries and the related arguments have not yet been integrated into the frame of creative clusters; 2）project production process, knowledge flow and its spatial process have not yet been paid enough attention to; 3） cultural consumption and middle elements and their reflexivity on cultural production have been ignored; 4）researchers place more priorities for studies on productional creative clusters, but little attention to both creative clusters as spaces or urban space studies and consumptional creative clusters; 5） approaches to creative cluster studies are not very diversified. As to the future research agenda, the author stressed that cultural and creative clusters can be regarded as not only a type of special urban space and industrial agglomeration but also a multi-scaler system of culture ecology by drawing on the metaphor of culture ecology system. With this approach, researchers can open some new important issues for the future and further studies. Firstly, concerns should be turned from just cultural business to cultural or creative project production process conducted. The analysis unit in creative cluster should be transformed as project rather than company. Empirical research on project ecology characterized of team work production should be highlighted; Secondly, the structures, functions and features of creative clusters as ecological systems with local contexts should be discussed; Thirdly, cultural consumption and art critics or the third party information should be included into the creative cluster ecology system for further discussion.