三维卫星遥感图像生成技术及其在第四纪构造地貌研究中的应用

GENERATION OF 3-DIMENSIONAL PERSPECTIVE SATELLITE IMAGERY AND ITS APPLICATION ON QUATERNARY GEOMORPHOLOGICAL ANALYSIS

近年来一系列中高分辨率立体成像卫星传感器相继发射成功,如法国的SPOT卫星、日本的ASTER和ALOS卫星,它们除了具有获取多光谱遥感数据的能力外,还具有立体成像的功能。随着计算机图像处理技术和卫星遥感立体成像技术的不断发展,地质体及其地形地貌的三维图像生成及其可视化技术得到了迅速发展。本研究介绍了利用ER-M apper图像处理软件提供的三维图像生成及可视化技术,将ASTER卫星遥感数据生成的数字高程模型与多光谱图像信息有机融合,生成地质体三维可视化图像,再现地质体的三维空间特征,从而从整体上直观、综合地对活动地质构造及其构造地貌特征进行可视化分析研究。本研究重点介绍了ASTER三维可视化立体遥感图像在晚第四纪活动构造和第四纪火山地貌研究中的应用,并展示了在阿尔泰山富蕴断裂带、北天山独山子背斜带、东昆仑断裂带以及长白山天池火山的研究实例。

Generating Digital Elevation Models（DEMs） from satellite data has been a vibrant research and development topic in recent 30 years. Stereo viewing of images has been the most common method used by mapping, photogrammetry,and remote sensing communities for elevation modeling with the successful launch of the satellite stereo imaging systems such as SPOT and ASTER （Advanced Spaceborne Thermal Emission and Reflection Radiometer）sensors. ASTER provides an economical opportunity for mapping at medium scales（ 1 ： 100000 and 1 ： 50000）and for extracting elevation information from satellite remote sensing data. Consequently,it is possible to generate DEMs with good accuracy （better than 25 meters）from ASTER data. Currently, it is easy to produce 3-dimensional perspective imagery through imposing a 3 bands multispectral data on DEM data produced from stereo ASTER data using image processing software such as PCI, ERDAS and ER-Mapper. In this paper, we introduce methods for generating 3-demensional perspective satellite imagery using ER-Mapper software. Meanwhile, we show how to study the Late Quaternary geomorphologic features related to active tectonics as well as Quaternary volcano using ASTER 3D images combined with limited field investigations. Study cases in the Altai,eastern Kunlun,northern Tian Shan, and Changbaishan Mts. are presented. Results show that three-dimensional visualization is crucial to study of active tectonics and ASTER 3D images provide the excellent three-dimensional perspective view of geomorphologic features associated with ongoing active deformation as well as Quaternary volcanoes.