链球菌生物合成透明质酸的分子机理与基因工程菌构建进展

Molecular Mechanism of Hyaluronan Biosynthesis in Streptococci and Construction of Engineering Strains

透明质酸(hyaluronan,HA)是由葡萄糖醛酸和N-乙酰氨基葡萄糖为双糖单位交替连接而成的粘多糖物质。目前构建基因工程菌成为提高产量和改善品质的重要手段。从发酵菌种、操纵子、关键酶和工程菌构建等方面,综述了链球菌HA生物合成的分子机理,分析了当前生产中存在的问题,并提出了解决问题的方法。

Hyaluronic acid （HA） is a linear polysaccharide chain composed of alternating β-1,4-glucuronic acid （GlcA） and β-1,3-N-acetylglucosamine （GlcNAc） moieties. Construction of engineering strain has become the prevailing strategy for increasing yield and improving its quality, especially the molecular weight. Here the molecular mechanism of HA biosynthesis in Streptococcus strains was reviewed, involving fermentation strains, operon structure, crucial enzyme and construction of engineering strains. In addition, the prevalent problems in HA fermentation production were also discussed and the protocols were tentatively put forward for the upcoming research and industrial production.