自主、变化、推陈出新——琳达·哈钦论文学作品的改编

Linda Hutcheon on the Creativeness and Independence of Literary Adaptation

后现代理论家琳达·哈钦以开放、多元、去中心、质疑权威的后现代精神在《论改编》一书中试图打破人们传统上对包括文学作品在内的改编的偏见,为改编正名,反对以对被改编作的忠诚度作为判定改编质量的尺度;倡导以平等理念对待被改编作与改编作的关系,主张应以产生时间先后区分被改编作与改编作,而非沿袭固定思维模式预设两者的主次;承认改编作的相对自主性,将其视为一个阐释和创造过程,提请人们肯定改编者的主观能动作用以及时代语境、文化背景对改编的滋养、丰富,正确评价改编对被改编作的改变为其带来的活力和契机。

In a decentering,dehierarchizing and open postmodern spirit,postmodern theorist Linda Hutcheon challenges the traditional disparaging opinions on adaptation of literary works as a secondary,belated and derivative mode and calls for evaluating adaptation and the adapted in a horizontal rather than vertical order.She objects to using faithfulness to the adapted as the sole criterion to judge adaptation,arguing instead that temporal precedence does not mean anything more than temporal priority;a repetition without replication,adaptation is a process,a formal entity,a product unto itself,and an intertextual creation;adaptation enriches the adapted and keeps it alive through the passage of time;there are many and varied motives behind adaptation and the contexts of times and cultures are also at work.