氮肥类型对夏玉米及后作冬小麦产量与水、氮利用的影响

Effects of different types of nitrogen fertilizer on yield,water and nitrogen utilization of summer maize and its aftercrop winter wheat

研究了华北平原夏玉米季施用不同类型氮肥对当季与后作冬小麦及周年产量与水、氮利用的影响,结果表明:(1)随施氮量增大,夏玉米产量、耗水量与水分利用效率(WUE)增大,氮肥利用率(NUE)降低。夏玉米WUE与NUE受到氮肥类型的影响,WUE以复合肥处理较大,NUE以包膜尿素和复合肥较高,且存在较明显的基因型差异,WUE以郑单958较大,NUE以农大108较大;(2)夏玉米季施氮使冬小麦氮生理效率降低,氮肥效率增大,并显著影响冬小麦产量和WUE,但因夏玉米季品种、氮肥类型与施氮量不同而表现有差异。夏玉米季氮肥后效明显,但氮肥类型间差异显著,一般以尿素处理及包膜尿素与复合肥高N处理较大;(3)夏玉米—冬小麦轮作制度下,两季总产量、总氮素累积量、总耗水量及水、氮利用效率明显受到夏玉米季氮肥类型与施氮量的影响,且受到夏玉米基因型的影响。

This experiment was conducted to investigate the effects of different types of nitrogen fertilizer （NF） applied in summer maize season on yield, water and nitrogen utilization of summer maize and its aftercrop winter wheat in north China plain. The main results are as follows： （1） Yield, water consumption and water use efficiency （WUE） were increased by the increment of N application rate, while N use efficiency （NUE） was decreased. WUE and NUE of summer maize were affected by type of NF, WUE of compound fertilizer treatment was greater and NUE was improved by applying coated urea and compound fertilizer as compared to urea application, and clear genotype differences on WUE and NUE were observed, WUE of Zhengdan958 and NUE of Nongda108 were greater. （2） N physiological efficiency was decreased but NF efficiency was heightened in winter wheat by N application in summer maize, at the same time, yield and WUE of winter wheat were affected obviously, but the effects existed differences between different cultivars, types of NF and N rates. Evident aftereffect of NF applied in summer maize was observed in winter wheat, but the values were different among different types of NF. In common, aftereffects of urea treatments and 180 kg/hm^2 treatment of coated urea and compound fertilizer were bigger. （3） In summer maize-winter wheat rotation system, total yield, total N accumulation amount, total water consumption, WUE and NUE were affected evidently by types of NF and N rates in summer maize season, and they also were affected by genotype of summer maize.