限量灌溉和施磷对冬小麦生长及水分利用的影响

Effects of limited irrigation and phosphorus on growth and water use of winter wheat

在大田条件下研究了不同灌水和施磷组合对冬小麦生长及水分利用的影响。结果表明:灌水和施磷均可提高冬小麦的株高、生物量、产量及其产量构成。在不同水分条件下,冬小麦的株高随灌水量的增加而增加,水分对冬小麦的产量和千粒重的影响达到显著水平,而不同水分条件对穗长、穗重和穗粒数没有显著影响。在不同施磷处理下,随着施磷量的增加,分蘖数、穗数、千粒重、产量及其灌溉水利用效率有显著增加,但施磷对株高没有显著影响。本试验条件下,施磷量120 kg/hm2时,株高、干物质及其产量达到最大,当施磷量超过120 kg/hm2时,相关物质生产指标呈下降的趋势;灌水量为180 mm与施磷肥量为120 kg/hm2是冬小麦干物质积累和产量的最优组合。

The experiment was completed in the field to study the effects of limited irrigation and phosphorus on growth and water utility of winter wheat. The result showed that irrigation and phosphorus can enhance plant height, biomass and yield components. The plant height increase with the increase of irrigation quantity, the effects of water on yield and 1000-grain weight reached a significance level and there are no significant differences in spike length, spike weight and kernel numbers per spike. Tillering number, spikes number, 1000-grain weight, yield and irrigation water use efficiency increase with the increase of phosphorus. Phosphorus fertilizer has no significant effect on plant height. In this experiment, there are maximum value of plant height, dry matter and yield under the conditions of 120 kg phosphorus per hm^2. There was a decline trend all above indexes under the condition of over 120 kg phosphorus per hm^2. The best combination to dry matter accumulates and yield was irrigation water 180 mm and phosphorus 120 kg phosphorus per hm^2.