太行山前平原不同种植模式水资源利用效率分析

Water resources use efficiency of different cropping patterns in the Piedmont of Mt.Taihang

太行山前平原作物种植模式主要为冬小麦—夏玉米,单一的高耗水种植模式在一定程度上造成了该地区的水资源缺乏。以麦—玉模式作为对照,本试验研究比较了太行山山前平原7种作物模式周年耗水量、水分利用效率以及水分经济利用效率,比较得出水资源利用效率较高的作物模式,发展节水农业。试验结果表明:通过比较各模式周年耗水量,其中麦—玉系统耗水量最大为736.1 mm;苜蓿总耗水WUE最大,为23.97 kg/(mm.hm2);春甘薯的总耗水EWUE最大,为38.08元/(mm.hm2),比麦—玉模式高46.9%。试验的几种模式均比麦—玉复种耗水少,具有节水潜力;从水分利用效率的比较结果来看,可以采用适当面积的苜蓿来替代麦—玉模式,替代其生产饲料粮的功能;从水分经济利用效率结果考虑,则应该在满足冬小麦、夏玉米需求的情况下压缩此种种植模式面积,代之以苜蓿、甘薯、花生和青贮玉米等高效益作物。

As is known to all, the main cropping pattern is winter wheat-summer maize pattern which has lead to the lack of water resources gradually at a certain extent in the North China Plain. The purpose of the research is to find crops of high efficiency of water resources use; we compared the water consumption, WUE and EWUE of 7 different cropping patterns in plateau of central Hebei Province in the piedmont of Mt. Taihang. The research result indicated that the highest consumption of water in those patterns was winter-wheat ＆ summer-maize system, which was 736.1 ram. The ET WUE of alfalfa was 23.97 kg/（mm· hm^2） which was the biggest one of 7 patterms. ET EWUE of sweet potato was higher than any other modes, about 38.08 kg/（mm · hm^2） which was 46.9 % higher than winter-wheat ＋ summer-maize pattern. All of other 6 crop planting patterns, whose water consumption was lower than wheat ＋ maize pattern, so they had potential for water saving. According to the comparison of ET WUE we could adopt alfalfa as substitution of winter wheat ＋ summer maize pattern, which would be used as feeding stuff to herd. Considering the research result of EWUE, winter wheat ＋summer maize pattern should be substituted in certain area for the more efficient patterns such as alfalfa, sweet potato, peanut and silage maize etc. , under the condition that the market demand is not influenced.