社会事业产业化、市场化、社会化概念及关系辨析

An Analysis of the Three Concepts and Their Relationship:Industrialization,Marketization and Socialization of Public Service

社会事业改革进程中产业化、市场化、社会化是三个常被提及和混用的概念,但其表述是否科学值得探讨。社会事业具有一定产业性,但不能称要将其产业化。市场化也有范围和程度限制,在社会事业产业化进程中,市场并不是唯一的运营方式,还应包括计划方式以及市场和计划相结合的方式。所以,社会事业"产业化"、"市场化"的表述是不科学的。社会事业发展主体可以多元化,即使是纯公益性社会事业也可以引入社会力量和个人力量,所以"社会化"的表述是科学的。在社会事业改革进程中,发挥社会事业的产业性、引入市场法则和利用多元化力量发展社会事业三者具有相互联系、相互依存的关系:社会事业具有产业性、引入市场法则是实现社会化的基础;引入市场机制是发挥社会事业产业性的条件;发挥社会事业的产业性有利于推动市场发挥资源配置的作用。政府在制订事业改革发展的具体政策时,必须将三者看成是一个有机的系统整体推进。

Public service fields have industrial features to some extent, but they can＇ t be claimed to be industrialized. There are also limitations to marketization in terms of scope and degree. In the process of industrialization of public service, the market is not the sole operation method. Planning or combination of market and planning may apply too. Therefore, such expressions as“ Industrialization” and “Marketization” of public service are not correct. As to the social service providers, privates or non-profit organizations can play their roles even in those service fields purely for public good. Hence, the concept of “Socialization” is well-grounded. The three concepts are inter- dependent. Awareness of the industrial features of public service and introduction of the market regime is the foundation of socialization. Social sectors can＇ t develop well without the market system ; to develop the social sectors as industries can promote the market role in allocation of resources. When making policies, our governments should develop them as a whole system.