对西汉官员投降匈奴问题的初步考察

An Investigation of the Han Dynasty Officials'Surrender to the Huns

从汉朝官员投降匈奴的情况看,既有受皇帝猜忌和政治迫害而投降匈奴者,又有出使匈奴时主动投降者,也有出使匈奴遭到扣留而被迫投降者,还有兵败主动投降者或被迫投降者。尽管各类官员投降匈奴的具体原因和途径不尽相同,但都与汉匈军事实力的变化、汉朝恶劣的政治环境、匈奴单于的积极争取以及匈奴比较宽松的政治环境有关。对汉朝官员投降匈奴的问题,应当坚持实事求是的态度,既不宜对他们全盘否定,也不宜全盘肯定。应该一方面要明确指出他们的危害,另一方面也要客观分析他们投降的背景,同时还要客观认识他们对匈奴社会发展所做出的贡献。

Though the reasons of the Han Dynasty officials＇ surrender to the the changes of the military forces of the two sides, the foul political situation tively relax political situation of the Huns. The realistic approach should be plete negation nor total affirmation is correct. Huns are different , they are related to of the Han Dynasty and the comparataken toward this issue：neither complete negation nor total affirmation is correct.