坚守与维护：中国现代大学之“教授治校”原则

To Maintain and Defend the Principle of "Faculty Governance" in Chinese Modern Universities

中国在移植西方现代大学制度时,注重引入"教授治校"原则,并通过设立评议会及教授会在制度上给予保障。大学评议会及各科教授会亦为学术自由与学术独立精神之制度性保障。教授治校使大学免受教育行政部门的过分干涉,堪称中国现代大学独立之重要标志。但国民政府以提高中国大学学术水平为借口,不断将政治势力渗入现代大学之中,破坏"教授治校"原则,强化政府对高等教育的控制。这样一来,中国现代大学所追求的独立自由精神与国民政府的党化教育方针及行政干涉政策之间,始终存在着巨大的张力。如何妥善处理两者关系,成为影响中国现代大学发展的棘手问题。

The principle of'Faculty Governance'has been given special attention since the institu- tions of western modern university were transplanted in China.It obtained its protection in practice of such institutions as the University Senate and the Association of Professors.The institutions of the senate in the university level and the association of Professors in the level of departments have defen- ded the spirit of Academic Freedom and Academic Independence.Faculty Governance has defended the universities against the immoderate interference from administrative departments of the central government,which indicates the independence of Chinese modern university.However,the Nation- al Government destroyed it by infusing the political forces into China's universities with the excuse for improving the academics and strengthening the governmental control over the higher education to destroy the principle of'Faculty Governance'.Thus,there has been the great tension between the universities' pursuit of independence and freedom and the single guiding principle of education and specific administrative policies under the leadership of the Nationalist Party(Kuomintang) in Chi- na.How to properly handle with the relation between them becomes a tough problem in the develop- ment of China's modem universities.