《里斯本条约》与欧盟共同外交与安全政策

The CFSP Dimension of the Lisbon Treaty

《里斯本条约》对欧盟对外关系领域进行了一系列重大改革,包括设立欧盟常任主席、合并原高级代表与欧盟对外关系专员职位、设置欧洲对外关系行动署、扩大有效多数表决机制的使用范围等,其改革的一个重要目的是提高联盟对外政策的连续性、有效性和一致性,提升欧盟的国际行为体角色。上述改革被普遍乐观地认为会加强欧盟用一个声音说话的能力。但是由于改革并没有改变欧盟对外关系领域内共同外交与安全政策支柱体系下独特的决策特征,加上《里斯本条约》中相关的制度革新仍然具有相当程度的模糊性,因此改革在短时间内会加剧欧盟共同外交与安全政策领域内的期待—能力差距。

The new round of the EU’s institutional reforms, one important aim of which is to promote the EU’s international role by enhancing the consistence, effectiveness and cohesion in its foreign policy, takes place against the background of its 'big bang' enlargement. In terms of the EU’s external dimension, the Lisbon Treaty contains a number of profound institutional changes, including the creation of a president of the European Council, a high representative for foreign affairs and security policy combining the duties of the present foreign policy chief and of the External Relations Commissioner, the External Action Services and the broadening of the areas in which the qualified majority voting shall be applied. The Lisbon Treaty is commonly seen as creating conditions for the EU to have its voice heard in the world. However, even with the above institutional changes, the Treaty will nevertheless widen the expectation-capability gap in the near future because the Treaty neither fundamentally changes the unique decision making mechanism in the area of the Common Foreign and Security Policy nor removes all the vague clauses that need further clarification.