煤矿山复垦土壤剖面重构的基本原理与方法

PRINCIPLE AND METHOD OF SOIL PROFILE RECONSTRUCTION FOR COAL MINE LAND RECLAMATION

基于土壤学理论和国外露天矿复垦的实践，提出了“分层剥离、交错回填”的土壤剖面重构原理，使破坏土地的土层顺序在复垦后保持基本不变，更适宜于作物生长，并以上覆土（岩）分为两层（部分）为例，给出了土壤剖面重构的公式和图示，进而总结出上覆土（岩）分为两层以上的通用的土壤剖面重构公式，同时成功地将这一原理应用于横跨采场倒堆工艺（连续开采工艺）的露天矿复垦土壤剖面重构方法的描述和研制出一种新颖的采煤沉陷地泥浆泵挖深垫浅复垦的土壤剖面重构方法．

Based on the theory of soil science and the practice of surface mine land reclamation abroad,a basic principle of soil profile reconstruction called “strip overburden by layers and replace layers in serial positions(a special order)” was presented,which ensures the reclaimed land retain its soil profile which will be beneficial to the revegetation.Two layers overburden is taken for example and formula and charts of soil profile reconstruction is presented and then general formula of soil profile reconstruction for more than two layers is summarized.Moreover,this principle is successfully applied for description of method of soil profile reconstruction for open pit with cross pit overcasting technique (continuous excavating technique) and a new soil profile reconstruction method for reclaiming subsidence land by hydraulic dredge pump is developed.