北京山区板栗园主要害虫及其天敌生态位初步研究

Niche of Important Pests and Natural Enemies in Chestnut Orchard Ecosystem in Beijing

对北京市延庆山区板栗园生态系统中刺吸类害虫与天敌的时间、空间以及时间-空间二维生态位进行了调查。结果表明,在利用相同资源的物种中,存在着不同的生态位重叠。在3种不同生境的板栗园内,寄生蜂类和栗花翅蚜的空间生态位重叠值都较大,分别为0.998 0,0.992 5和0.965 7。在区域Ⅰ和Ⅱ中寄生性蜂类与栗大蚜在时间上重叠值较大,分别为0.600 0和0.706 1。在板栗树与大豆间作区园(Ⅰ)和自然生草单作板栗园(Ⅱ)中,主要害虫与天敌的时间生态位宽度明显大于除草单作园(Ⅲ)的。板栗红蜘蛛在各区的空间生态位宽度都较大(均在0.806 7以上)。板栗园间作物(或有无杂草)对时间生态位宽度有明显的影响,但对生态位重叠和空间生态位的宽度没有影响。

The niche of important pests and natural enemies in different intercropped and managed chestnut orchard ecosystems in Beijing were studied. The results showed that there were obvious niche overlaps in different species which used the same resources. Hymenopteran parasitoids and Castanocallis castanocallis all have big spatial niches overlapped in three different type of chestnut orchards, they were separatly 0. 998 0,0. 992 5 and 0. 965 7. Hymenopteran parasitoids and Lachnus tropicalis have big temporal niches overlapped in intercropped chestnut and soybeans, chestnut yard with weeds（0. 600 0 and 0. 706 1）. Moreover, the temporal niche breadth of important pests and natural enemies in intercropped chestnut and soybeans, chestnut yard with weeds were higer than that in chestnut yard without weeds. The spatial niches overlapped of Oligonychus ununguis were all high （more than 0. 806 7） in each chestnut orchard. So time niche width was affected by weeds and intercropped plants, but niches overlapped and spatial niche width were not affected.