景观格局及动态研究进展

Research Advances in Landscape Pattern and Dynamics

景观格局的研究主要包括景观类型的组成分析、多样性和异质性,常用的景观组成分析方法主要有地统计学、聚块样方方差分析、趋势面分析等.景观多样性包括景观类型多样性、斑块多样性和格局多样性;常用的景观类型多样性测定指标有类型的多样性指数、优势度、均匀度和丰富度等;常用的斑块多样性测定指标有斑块的数目、面积、形状、破碎度、分维数等;格局多样性的测定指标包括修改分维数、聚集度、连通性等.景观异质性的研究主要集中在景观异质性形成的机理和对景观生态学过程的影响方面,景观动态的研究,包括景观动态变化分析、模拟和景观动态驱动因子的研究,景观动态变化分析大多采用遥感和GIS相结合的手段.在景观动态模拟模型方面,以细胞自组织模型和马尔柯夫模型应用研究最多.景观动态驱动因子的研究主要集中在人为驱动因子方面,方法还不成熟.

Landscape pattern researches include composition analysis, diversity and heterogeneity of landscape types. The common used analysis methods of landscape composition are geostatistics, clustering variance analysis, tend surface analysis etc. Landscape diversity includes landscape type diversity, pattern diversity and patch diversity. Diversity index, dominance, evenness and richness are the usually measured indices describing diversity of landscape types. The criteria of patch number, area, shape, fragmentation and fractal dimension are commonly adopted to describe the patch diversity, whereas the commonly applied indices to measure the landscape pattern diversity include modified fractal dimension, aggregation index and continuity. The researches of landscape heterogeneity have mainly focused on the formation mechanism of landscape heterogeneity and the influences of heterogeneity on ecological process of the landscape. The researches of landscape dynamic have been concentrated on analyses of landscape dynamic variation, simulation and driving factors to cause the change. The integrated measures of remote sensing and GIS technologies are being popularly adopted to analyze dynamic changes of the landscape. In aspects of landscape dynamic simulation models, application of self - organizing cell model and Markov model has been mostly researched. The researches of driving factors of landscape dynamic have mainly focused on human -driven aspects, and there is not yet mature study method.