深圳地区2004-2006年儿童腹泻病病原体分布情况

Pathogenic Distribution of Childhood Diarrhea in Shenzhen Area from 2004 to 2006

目的探讨深圳地区2004-2006年儿童腹泻病病原体分布情况。方法收集深圳地区2004年1月-2005年4月腹泻病患儿粪便标本,采用ELISA法检测轮状病毒（RV）,2005年5月-2006年12月采用胶体金法检测RV。真菌性腹泻以40倍高倍镜下同时可见菌丝和孢子为实验诊断标准。阿米巴性腹泻以见溶组织内活动性阿米巴原虫（滋养体或包囊）为实验诊断标准。细菌性腹泻（菌痢）以40倍高倍镜下WBC（＋＋）以上,同时可见RBC为实验诊断标准。不确定性腹泻为排除以上4种腹泻外的腹泻。结果RV腹泻主要发生在10月至次年2月,但夏季6-7月也有一个小高峰,共占40.49%;真菌性腹泻无明显季节性,占3.59%;细菌性腹泻明显在每年的6-9月高发,占39.67%;阿米巴性腹泻仅检测到10例,除1例是春末检测出来外,余皆在夏季检出,占0.03%;不确定性腹泻主要发生在12月至次年的3月,占16.24%。腹泻最高发年龄为〉1～2岁,占24.83%（8287/33382例）,≤6个月组为最低发年龄组,占6.65%（2217/33382例）。结论婴幼儿腹泻种类出现明显的感染交叉性、季节交叉性的特点,具有一定的复杂多样性。加强饮食与环境卫生,切断传播途径,提高儿童主动免疫水平是预防急性腹泻的重要环节。

Objective To study the pathogenic distribution of childhood diarrhea in Shenzhen area during the year of 2004 - 2006. Methods Enzyme -linked immunosorbant assay （ELISA） was used to detect rotavirus （RV） antigen from Jan. 2004 to Apr. 2005 on stool specimens, and the rest stool specimens were detected for RV with colloidal gold test from May 2005 to Dec. 2006. Fungous enteritis were diagnosed under 40× microscope, and mycelials and spores were found simultaneously,bacillary dysentery were diagnosed under 40× microscope and white blood cell and red blood cell were found simultaneously, amebic dysentery was diagnosed under 40× microscope being found lively entamoeba histolytica （trophozoite or inwrap）. Uncertain diarrheas was considered apart from the other 4 sorts of diarrheas. Results RV diarrhea mostly occurred from Oct. to next Feb. Every year,but from Jun. to Jul. it happened,too,totally occupying 40.49%. Fungous enteritis occurrence was not necessarily season - regulated, only occupying 3.59%. Bacillary dysentery were obviously turned up from Jun. to Sep. every year,occupying 39.67%. Amebic dysentery was detected only 10 specimens,only one was found in spring,the rest all were taken place in summer,taking up 0.03%. Uncertain diarrheas were major come about in Dec. to next Mar. occupying 16.24%. Diarrhea happened mostly at the age of 1 to 2 years old,occuping 24.83% （8 287/33 382 cases） ,and it happened least at less than 6 months occupying 6.65% （2 217/ 33 382 cases）. Conclusions The sorts of childhood diarrhea represents the features of cross infection and seasonal occurrence,and complicated and diverse factors. It is＇a very important step to prevent acute diarrheas with imposing health of food and environment, cutting off spreading- path,improving infants and young children＇ initiative immune levels.