从艺人与事主的关系看愿书的生成及运行机制——以平顶山地区的愿书活动为考察对象

The Production and Operation Mechanism of the Performance of Speaking and Singing for Realizing the Desire through the Interaction of Folk Artists and Persons Concerned

通过对地处淮河水系的平顶山地区的愿书活动进行考察,从观念、行为和音声入手进行社会机制分析,认为艺人与事主之间的观念互动是愿书运行的前提和基础,是以目标为指向的动力机制;二者的行为互动着眼于仪式过程,属于约束控制范畴;二者的音声互动则立足于仪式效应,构成了监督机制的主要内容。三个层次之间相互影响,产生各种不同向度的制约结构关系和作用方式,形成了愿书活动的激励机制,维持着愿书活动的顺利展开。

Through the performance of speaking and singing for realizing the desire occurring in Pingdingshan situating at the Huaihe river area and the analysis of the social mechanism from the conception, behavior and sound, the conception interaction of folk artist and person concerned is the basic of the performance of speaking and singing for realizing the desire, which constituting the power mechanism directing the goal. The behavior interaction of both belongs to the restraint mechanism which directs the ceremony process. The surveillance mechanism includes the sound interaction of both which directs the effect. Three kinds of mechanisms formed the driving mechanism through different structure relations and function way, maintaining the performance of speaking and singing for realizing the desire.