红色稻米亚种间杂种优势利用途径的探讨

Discussion about Approachs of Utilization for F_1 intersubspecific Heterosis in Red Rice

有色稻米优良的营养品质和特异性状与低产的突出矛盾一直制约着其生产的发展，杂种优势利用是解决这一问题的首要措施。无论“三系法”还是“两系法”，有色稻米亚种间杂种优势利用的前提必须保证亲本之一携有广亲和基因和有色基因，以利用有色基因的显性遗传本质；同时又要克服双亲闻的杂交不亲和性和目标性状的负向优势。保证合理的遗传距离，即使性状互补，又使优势强大，则是有色稻米杂优利用亲本选育或材料方法选用的关键。本文针对水稻杂优利用常用籼型不育系（“三系”或”两系”）的现状与广亲和恢复系的配合模型，结合粳型红米恢复系的选育实践，对其亚种间杂优利用途径进行探讨，认为利用杂交方法，选育粳型或偏粳型红米恢复系是利用有色稻米亚种间杂种优势的一条有效途径。

To enhance yield of the special colour rice varieties and to promote its development in Guizhou where exists plentiful and precious those germplasmic resources, it is necessary for red rice to utilize the intersubspecific heterosis by introducing the widely compatiable genes and restoring ones with their parents. According to combining models, the main forms were regarded as' White Type of Cytoplasmic Male Sterility/Red Restorer Type with Wide Compatisbility (WCMS/RRWC)' of ' Red CMS/shite Restorer with WE (RCMS/WRWC)' because breeding of restorers with WC have greatly successed in red rice recently. Besides restorers, breeding of CMS carrying red colour genes (three- line method ) of Daul-purpose Genic Male Sterility (two- line method ) was also regarded effectively as rapid ways to develop the hybrid red rice.