试析尼克松政府的东亚外交

An analysis of Nixon administration's policy towards East Asia

美苏冷战对峙中,亚洲作为欧洲之外美国遏制苏联的又一前沿阵地,在美国的对外战略中占据着重要地位。20世纪60年代末70年代初,由于越南战争等多种原因,美国国力相对衰落,而该时期东亚的日本经济已经复兴,出现了对美离心倾向;同时,中苏关系的破裂也为美国改善同东亚大国中国的关系提供了契机。为了适应变化了的国际局势,尼克松政府在东亚实施了奠定20世纪70年代美国亚洲政策基调的均势外交。本文着重分析尼克松政府调整东亚外交的必要性、东亚外交的实施、影响及其评价。

During the Cold War, Asia, like Europe, served as an important base for the United States to contain the Soviet Union. In the late 1960s and early 1970s, the world situation has changed a great deal： The United States began to decline relatively in power, as a result of its deep involvement in Vi- etnam War and other reasons, while Japan, having become more and more prosperous, decided to make its foreign policy independently. At the same time, the worsening ties between the Soviet Union and China offered an opportunity for the United States to improve its relations with China. To adapt to the new world situation, Nixon administration implemented a power-balanced diplomacy, which later became the foundation of American Asian policy during the 1970s. This article analyzes the necessity of Nixon administration in changing its foreign policy towards East Asia, the implementation and influence of its diplomatic policy, with the author＇s comments presented.