《四库全书》医者称“师”考论

The Research of Doctors As "SHI" in Imperial Collection of Four

本文的"医"指从事管理、药物、治疗等活动的各类医务人员。本文的"师"是标志人的职业身份的名词。"医"作为行业,是个大的门类,其内部又可以分为不同的专业,这些不同的专业人士,均可称"师",从而构成表示行业标志+身份标志的称谓——"X师"。通检《四库全书》,医者称师计有:医师、侍御师、御师、针师、灸师、咒禁师、禁咒师、按摩师、药园师、采药师、药师等11种。本文运用系统科学的方法,对这些词语的语义、源流、理据及构成做了详细的考论。

In this research, ＂yi＂ means the persons who did the managements, medical things, treat and cure patients and other medical activities, and ＂shi＂ is a noun, it is a sign of a person ＇ s identity who skilled in a certain trade or expert in a certain profession. ＂yi＂as a big trade, it can be divided into many different specialties, and these professionals are all can be called as ＂shi＂, and thereby, the word ＂shi＂ was composed by the meanings of professional sign and the identity sign. From the imperial collection of four, we can find that there were 11 kinds persons can be called ＂shi＂, such as doctors, aeupuneturist, healers, massagist, apothecary and so on. In this article, we use the methods of seientifieal and systems analysis to research the semantic components, headstream and so