大豆骨干恢复系花和花粉数量的研究

Pollination Ability of Main Restorer Lines of Soybean(Glycine max)

制种产量低已成为制约杂交大豆产业化的瓶颈,父本恢复系花粉数量直接影响母本不育系的结实率,选育花粉数量多的恢复系对提高杂交大豆制种产量至关重要,花粉数量也是衡量一个恢复系授粉能力的一个指标。采用田间调查和显微镜镜检对已育成的12个骨干恢复系的开花持续时间、开花数量和花粉数量进行调查和统计。结果表明:不同基因型恢复系单株花的数量存在明显差异,12个恢复系的单株花数量为74.8～408.9个,单株花数量最多的是恢复系JLR104,最少的是恢复系JLR75,而大多数的恢复系单株花数量为120～160个;大豆每朵花的花粉数量没有明显差异,为3400～4900个。单株花的数量决定了花粉的数量。

The low yield of soybean hybrid seed production is the bottleneck of commercialization on hybrid soybean. The restorer lines with more flowers and microspores possess better pollination ability, and it is one of important affecting factors for improvement of seed production. In order to study the pollination ability of main fertility restorer lines with different genotypes ,the duration of flowering stage, number of flowers and number of microspores of 12 restorer lines were investigated. The results indicated that flower numbers per plant of the restorer lines with different genotypes were statistically significant different. Flower numbers per plant of the 12 restorer lines ranged from 74.8 to 408.9, highest were from restorer line JLR104 and lowest were from JLR75 ,whereas,flower numbers per plant of most restorer lines ranged from 120 to 160. No significant difference was found in microspores per flower ranging from 3400 to 4900. It is inferred that flower number per plant is a decisive affecting factor for total microspores.