夏大豆不同种植方式对土壤水分及水分利用效率的影响

Planting Patterns Affects Soil Water and Water Use Efficiency of Summer Soybean

对夏大豆不同种植方式下土壤水分及水分利用效率变化进行分析。在同一密度（3．09×10^5株·hm^-2）下设5种分布方式，即行距×株距分别为A：18cm×18cm，B：27cm×12cm，C：36cm×9cm，D：54cm×6cm，E：81cm×4cm。结果表明：在夏大豆生育期间，受降雨影响，0—90cm土壤含水量与土壤贮水量均呈现“三峰”曲线特点；土壤含水量在各个生育阶段均呈现“Z”型曲线，深层变化幅度相对较小且较稳定，生育阶段各处理土壤贮水量平均值顺序为D〉A〉E〉C〉B；A、B、C处理在0—90cm平均变异系数总水平高于D、E处理；水分利用效率（WUE）与行距呈显著负相关（r=-0．9818^＊＊），与产量呈显著正相关（r=0．9861^＊＊），其中，A、B、C处理WUE极显著高于D和E处理，E处理极显著低于其它处理（P〈0．01）。

Previous research stated that furrow-bed planting and different plant densities affect water use efficiency（WUE） of summer soybean significantly. In order to find out the character of WUE under different population distribution patterns, and effects of planting patterns on soil water of summer soybean in Tai＇ an city, Shandong province, field trail was designed consisting of 5 distribution patterns under the same plant population （3.09 × 10^5 plant hm^-2 ）, and row spacing （cm） plant spacing（cm） was A（18 cm×l8 cm）,B（27 cm×12 cm）,C（36 cm×9 cm）,D（54 cm×6 cm）,E（81 cm×4 cm） respectively. The results showed that soil moisture content（SMC） and soil storage water（SSW） in 0 - 90 cm soil changed as a＂three peaks＂curve respectively. SMC in 0 - 90 cm soil fluctuated as a＂Z＂trend and the changes were very insignificant in the 60- 90 cm soll profile. Order of average value of SSW were D 〉 A 〉 E 〉 C 〉 B in growth period for all treatments. The total level of variance coefficients of A, B and C were higher than D and E treatments. WUE had a negative correlation （r = -0. 981 8 ^＊＊ ）with row spacing, and a positive correlation（ r = 0. 986 1 ^＊＊ ） with yield. The WUE of A, B and C treatments were significantly higher than D and E treatments, and that of E treatment significantly lower than other treatments （P 〈 0.01）.