不同覆膜方式对旱作大豆生理特性及水分利用效率的影响

Effects of Covering Film on Physiological Indexes and Water Use Efficiency (WUE) of Soybean in Dryland

地膜覆盖栽培技术在干旱半干旱地区的应用,改善了农业生产上干旱胁迫的危害,本实验为旱作农业寻找合理的地膜覆盖方式,有效发挥地膜覆盖的抗旱作用。通过覆膜穴播与膜际条播方式种植大豆,以不覆膜种植为对照,比较两种覆膜方式对于大豆生长发育、抗旱生理特性、光合生理特性及水分利用效率的影响。结果表明:行上覆膜大豆比对照增产20.85%,叶片水分利用效率、土壤水分利用效率及降水水分利用效率分别提高105.16%、150.00%及20.43%;行间覆膜大豆比对照增产16.97%,叶片水分利用效率、土壤水分利用效率及降水水分利用效率分别提高112.68%、141.76%及16.98%。行上覆膜及行间覆膜大豆的叶面积指数、光合性能、抗旱性能等显著地高于不覆膜种植,株荚数、荚粒数、百粒重及水分利用效率等指标也明显优于对照。由此可见,行上覆膜及行间覆膜均能有效地促进大豆生长发育、提高水分利用效率及产量,并且两种覆膜方式之间差异不显著。

The cultivation technique of covering film could reduce drought stress in semiarid area. To find the effect of different covering film method on soybean,the trials of covering film on line（CFOL） and covering film between lines（CFBL） were conducted with no film covering（NFC） as CK, and the growth, physiology, photosynthetic traits and water use efficiency were investigated. Yield of CFOL increased 20.85% than CK,leaf water use efficiency （ LWUE）, soil water use efficiency （SWUE） and rain water use efficiency（RWUE） increased 105.16% , 150.00% and 20.43%. The yield of CFBL increased 16.67% than CK,LWUE,SWUE and RWUE increased 112.68%, 141.76% and 16.98%, respeetively. The leaf area index（LAI） ,photosynthetic index, drought tolerance and WUE were all enhanced, and yield components of pods per plant, seeds per pod and 100-seed weight were increased under the two eovering film method. The results suggested that the two covering film method can all enhance grow and development, yield and WUE of soybean, and there are no significant difference between these two methods.