国家气候观象台建设观测环境问题

Issues on Observation Environment for Building National Climatic Stations

城市化对全国气象台站观测环境造成了严重影响。针对国家气候观象台建设中观测环境的评估和新选址问题进行了讨论。国家气候观象台的环境选择必须较好地反映本地较大范围的气象要素特点,避免局部地形、障碍物或者人为因素的影响。观测环境下垫面与区域地表一致有利于真实反映区域的实际情况,但在部分陆面特征中,农业生产也会对部分气象要素的观测造成影响,这些在具体观测项目中要作具体考虑。对于受城市化影响的气象台站,在新建国家气候观象台的同时保留原观测站是比较好的选择。

Urbanization has exerted great influence on the observation environment of national meteorological observation stations. The observation environmental assessment and new location selection are especially necessary and urgent in building national climatic observation stations. The observation environment must be considered in the selection of the locatioris for national climatic observation stations, at which measurements must be well representative of the characteristics of local meteorological elements in a large extent and can avoid the influence of local topography, barrier and artificial factors. It is propitious to reflect the actual situation when the surface of an observing station is consistent with the typical surface of local areas, but in some cases, as agricultural activities may influence the observation of some meteorological factors, some special measures must be taken according to specific situation. For the meteorological stations affected by urbanization, a good choice is to retain the original station and meanwile to construct a new one.