43a来我国城市气候和太阳辐射的变化特征

Urban Climate and Solar Radiation Changes in China in Recent 43 years

利用1961—2003年气候观测资料和辐射资料,综合分析了我国10个城市43 a的云量、日照百分率、相对湿度、气温、降水以及到达地面的太阳辐射等要素的变化趋势。结果表明:(1)43 a来10个城市中,多数城市的总云量减少而低云量增加;(2)各城市的日照百分率呈减少趋势;除乌鲁木齐外,其他城市相对湿度呈减小趋势;各地气温都有所升高;降水量变化的地区性差别较大而总体上变化幅度不明显;(3)除昆明外,各地太阳总辐射呈下降趋势,且总辐射减少主要是由直接辐射减少引起的。由此揭示,43 a来我国城市正经历着以变暖变干为主的气候变化过程,人类活动特别是工业化和城市化进程,对气候系统产生了重要影响。

Based on climatic observational data and radiation information from 1961 to 2003 ,the interannual trends of cloud cover, sunshine percentage, relative humidity, temperature, precipitation and solar radiation at the earth surface are all investigated. The results show： 1 ） the total cloud cover has decreased and the low cloud increased in most of the ten cities in recent 43 years ;2） the sunshine percentage has reduced greatly, the relative humidity decreased except Urumqi, the temperature increased significantly, and the amount of rainfall changed slightly and regionally ;3 ） the total solar radiation at the earth surface has decreased remarkably except Kunming, which was mainly caused by the reducing of direct solar radiation. These results suggest that cities in our country have experienced warming and drying processes, and human activities, especially industrialization and urbanization, have important influence on the climatic system.