我国水土流失综合防治的政策变迁与评价

Policy changes and its evaluation of soil and water conservation in China

我国水土流失防治政策经历了从单向性到综合性渐趋完善的变迁过程。在水土流失防治的历史沿革中,治理目标、治理主体、治理区域发生了阶段性变化,采用相应的政策执行手段,形成了水土流失综合防治政策体系。以分析我国防治水土流失的重大政策变迁为基础,运用制度经济学、环境经济学、专家调查等方法,对我国防治水土流失的政策实施进行综合评价。通过水土流失防治政策的最终实施效果与预期政策目标对比分析,对水土流失综合防治的任务确定、要素配置、组织方法、运行效率进行判断。同时,总结了水土流失综合防治政策实施的主要经验及存在的问题,并提出了完善水土流失综合防治政策的途径。

The policies of soil and water conservation were transformed from unilateral to multiple patterns in China. The stage changes of the conservation targets, the stakeholders, and conservation areas happened in the course of implementing soil and water conservation. The policy framework of soil and water conservation was constructed by means of implementing measures of relative policies. Applying the institution economics, envi- ronmental economics, and expert consultation, the policy impacts were comprehensively evaluated in this pa- per. By comparing the outcomes of the policy implementation with the expected policy targets, the task identi- fication, measure arrangement, organization methods, and operating efficiency for soil and water conservation project could be confirmed. Furthermore, the main experiences and existed issues on policy implementation of soil and water conservation were summarized. The approaches for improving the policies of soil and water conservation were advanced.