鸡粪和奶牛粪对小麦和油菜光合特性的影响

The Effect of Hen Faeces and Cow Manure on Wheat and Rape Photosynthesis Character

通过盆栽试验研究鸡粪和奶牛粪对小麦和油菜光合速率及蒸腾速率的影响。结果表明：鸡粪和奶牛粪对小麦叶片的光合速率的影响，因小麦生育时期的不同而异。苗期和孕穗期单叶光合速率提高；而其余生长期，施肥效果不明显。鸡粪处理（７５ｔ／ｈｍ２）可提高小麦水分利用系数９．８％～８１．３％；而奶牛粪肥，在孕穗前增加小麦水分利用效率９．４％～５０％，而后则有降低水分效率之趋势。两种粪肥均可提高油菜的单叶光合速率，各种肥料的效果因生育期和施肥量的不同而有差异。越冬前各施肥处理均增加了油菜的蒸腾速率，降低水分效率１．５％～２２．２％；越冬后，奶牛粪肥处理提高了蒸腾速率，而鸡粪则降低了油菜的蒸腾作用，各施肥处理均可提高油菜的水分效率，鸡粪为４．３％～２７１％，奶牛粪为１．９％～８３．９％．

In this paper,the effect of dung on the photosynthesis and transpiration of wheat and rape by pot trial was studied.The result indicated that layer faeces and cow manure diversely affected the photosynthesis of wheat in different stages of growth.In seedling and boot stages,they could raise photosynthesis rate,but lower the rate in middle and later stages of growth.Two kinds of dung had little effect on the rate of wheat transpiration.Only in the later stage cow manure increased transpiration,and hen faeces reduced the transpiration.The dung had diverse effect on water use efficiency (WUE) of wheat.Hen faeces could increase WUE in all growth phases,while cow manure increased WUE before boot stage too,but lowered WUE in later stage.The two kinds of dung could increase the photosynthesis rate per rape leaf area,so cow manure was preferable to hen faeces.Before winter,all treatment raised rape transpiration rate,but after winter cow manure raised the transpiration rate and hen faeces reduced the transpiration rate.The WUE of rape treated was inferior to that of control before winter,and reversed after winter.The effect of hen faeces was preferable to other treatments.