湖南地方茶树资源的研究

A STUDY OF NATIVE TEA RESOUCES IN HUNAN PROVINCE

对城步峒茶、江华苦茶、汝城白毛茶和云台山种等湖南地方茶树资源的主要化学成分、光合特性和生产性状进行了研究．结果表明，茶多酚与儿茶素含量从高到低依次为汝城白毛茶、江华苦茶、城步峒茶、云台山种；各资源的游离氨基酸、茶氨酸和咖啡碱含量均为正常水平；汝城白毛茶属高茶多酚资源，其可可碱和茶叶碱含量较高．在阴凉条件下的净光合速率从高到低依次为汝城白毛茶、城步峒茶、江华苦茶、云台山种．净光合速率与光量子通量、叶面温度呈极显著正相关，与气孔阻力呈极显著负相关，相关系数分别为０．９２７８，０．９１１５和－０．８９３７．在高温强光条件下，净光合速率从高到低依次为云台山种、城步峒茶、江华苦茶、汝城白毛茶，净光合速率与光量子通量、叶面温度和气孔阻力都呈极显著负相关，相关系数分别为－０．９１６５，－０．９３２８，－０．９０３１．在主要生产性状中，汝城白毛茶能安全通过－６℃的低温，在高茶多酚资源中，抗寒性突出，是选育红茶良种的一个非常有益的性状．

Chemical composition,photosynthetic characteristics and productivity property of 4 Hunannative tea germplasm resources Camellia sinensis var.assamica cvs duntsa (A) and Jianghua (B).C.ptilophylla (C) and C.sinensis var.sinensis (D) were studied. The results showed that the contents of tea polyphenols and catechins in the leaves of C,B,A and D decreased successively,with C.ptilophylla being a polyphenolshigh resource because it contained more theobromine and theophylline than C.sinensis. The net photosynthetic rates of the leaves of C,A,B and D under the cloudy and cool condition decreased in proper order,and correlated positively with both light quantum flux and leaf temperature,negatively with stomatal resistance,all at 1% leavel of significance. The net photosynthetic rates of the leaves of C,B,A and D under the condition of high temperature and strong sunlight increased successively and correlated negatively with all light quantum flux,leaf temperature and stomatal resistance at 1% level of significance. C.ptilophylla was a useful resource for breeding black tea varieties because it could bear freezing at -6℃,which was outstanding among polyphenolshigh tea germplasms.