论间接语境同一替换失效疑难的解答——兼评弗雷格方案与罗素方案

On the Solution to Identity Puzzle in Indirect Contexts——Comment on Frege's Project and Russell's Project

弗雷格借助间接意谓试图说明间接语境同一替换失效问题。但罗素并不赞同弗雷格的处理方法,而是提出摹状词理论,以解答这个长期困扰人们的难题。研究表明,无论是弗雷格抑或罗素的方案都没有抓住问题的关键,最终皆失败了。实际上,问题的关键在于命题态度词,出路是区分认知程度。

Frege tried to explain the identity puzzle in indirect contexts by using indirect -reference. But Russell didn＇t agreed with this method, and put forward the theory of descriptions to resolve the issue that usually puzzling us. However, they didn＇t tackled the key of the puzzle, and both failed. In fact, the key just being the attitude words of indirect proposition, and the solution is to distinguish the degree of cognition.