广州市成年2056人体质量指数水平与身体机能素质的相关性调查

Correlation between body mass index and physical qualities and functions in 2 056 adults from Guangzhou

目的:人类发育学的相关指标对组织构建有重要指导意义。了解2005年广州市成年人超重和肥胖的发生率,以及肥胖对身体机能、素质的影响。方法:2005年对广州市成年人2056人进行国民体质监测,其中男性1027人,女性1029人。根据受试者的身高和体质量,计算出体质量指数,用中国肥胖问题工作组建议的体质量指数超重和肥胖标准对受试者进行分类,分析不同体质量指数水平成年人的身体机能、素质特征。结果:2005年广州市成年人男性总体超重和肥胖检出率分别为28.7%和5.2%,女性分别为18.6%和5.3%。收缩压、舒张压随体质量指数增大而增大,台阶指数和肺活量/体质量随体质量指数增大而下降。高血压一次性检出率随体质量指数的增大而升高,各体质量指数组男性高血压一次性检出率高于女性。成年男女纵跳、柔韧性表现为肥胖组最差;平衡能力方面,男、女均表现为体质量指数正常组好于超重组及肥胖组。结论:广州市男、女成年人的超重和肥胖比例已经达到了较高的水平。一定范围内的体质量增加或减轻,有利于部分机能和素质的提高,但达到肥胖时,对身体机能和素质都有很大影响。

AIM： The auxology-related indexes are important for tissue construction. In this article, we investigated the incidence of overweight and obesity and their effects on physical functions and qualities of Guangzhou adults in 2005. METHODS： 2 056 adults including 1 027 males and 1 029 females were randomly selected from Guangzhou in 2005 for physical examination. The anthropometric data such as body mass and height were collected to calculate body mass index （BMI）. The subjects were divided according to the BMI criteria recommend by Group of China Obesity Task Force, and their physical functions and qualities were analyzed. RESULTS： In 2005, the detection rate of overweight and obesity in adult males were 28.7% and 5.2%, and in females were 18.6% and 5.3%. The values of diastole pressure and systolic pressure were increased with BMI, but the change tendency of step index and vital capacity/body mass was decreased with BMI. The rate of hypertension was increased with BMI, and male subjects had higher rate of hypertension than that of female subjects in all groups. Obese adult had the poorest values in vertical jump and sit-and-reach test. Those people with normal BMI had better balance ability than that of overweight and obese people. CONCLUSION： The rates of overweight and obesity in Guangzhou adult show a high level. The physical functions and qualities may be improved when the body mass increases or decreases in a certain range, but obesity has impact to those values.