军事群体心理应激预警检测工具编制

DEVELOPMENT OF PSYCHOLOGICAL STRESS ALERTING TEST QUESTIONNAIRE FOR PARACHUTISTS

目的编制空降兵心理应激的预警检测工具,并制订空降兵群体心理应激的预警标准,以用于军事群体心理应激预警的检测。方法在文献检索及应激评估研究成果的基础上提出理论构想,通过与一些空降兵座谈和访谈及专家咨询后编写了28个条目,并进行小样本的预测验(n=156),得到预警检测初试问卷;经检验与修改,形成最终的量表形式。结果对569名新伞兵进行正式检测,从初始量表28个条目中经检验入选最终量表15个条目。信度:全量表的克伦巴赫系数为0.657。结构效度:2次独立的因素分析表明,15个条目分为6个维度,累积方差贡献率分别为66.30%和66.27%,因子负荷均在0.5以上。同时效度:该量表与SCL-90、SAS和SDS呈负相关,相关系数分别为-0.394、-0.324和-0.472。预测效度:结果显示达到该量表的预警标准的连队实际军事训练成绩、心理健康状况均差于未达预警标准的连队。结论该问卷具有合适的信度,较好的效度,能作为空降兵军事群体心理应激的初步预警检测工具使用。

Objective To develop a test tool for alerting the psychological stress of parachute soldiers and make the criteria of stress alerting for them. Methods First worked out a thoretical plot based on literature search and positive results from previous research on the estimation of psychological stress. Then 28 items were made after interview to some parachutists and consultation with the specialists. An initial questionnaire was obtained by preliminary test on small sample（n = 156） .Through the test and revision a final questionnaire was formed. Resdts A total of 569 parachute recruits were investigated. From 28 items in the initial questionnaire 15 were selected in the questionnaire. This questionnaire has been found to have moderately acceptable internal consistency （ Cronbach alpha = 0. 657）. The results of factor analysis for the 2 independent samples were quite similar, 6 common factors with manifest meaning were extracted. Total variance explained by the six factors were 66.30% and 66.27% respectively, and all the factor loadings were above 0.5. The total score in this scale was negatively correlated with SCL- 90（ -0. 394）, SAS（ -0. 324） and SDS（ - 0.472）. The predictive validity of this scale was established. Parachute soldiers who got higher total score had poorer military training performance than those who got lower total score in this questionnaire. Conclusion The developed questionnaire has satisfactory reliability, validity, and could be preliminarily used in alerting psychological stress of parachute soldiers.