1Pereles TR, Koval KJ, Gallagher M, et al. Open reduction an internal fixation of the distal humerus ,functional outcome in the elderly[J]. J Trauma, 1997,43 : 578 - 584
1Augusto Sarmiento, md et1 diaphyseal humeral fractures: treatment options[J]. J of bone & joint surgery, ibis. org(Am), 2001,83 ~ 1566-1577.
2Rommens PM,Blum J. Retrograde nailing of humeral shaft fractures[J ]. Clin orthop, 1998,350: 26 ~ 39.
3Johan Lammens, Grilles Bauduin, Ronald Drieson. Treatment of nounion of the humerus using the llizarov external fixator[J]. Clin orthop, 1998,353: 223- 230.
4Sarmiento A, Latta LL. Closed functional treatment of fractures[J].Berlin Springer, 1981: 141.
5Sharma VK,Jain AK, Gupta RK, et al. Nonoperative treatment of fractures of the humeral shaft: a comparative study [ J ]. Jindian Med Assoc, 1991,89:157~ 160.
6Sarmiento, Zagorski JB, Zych GA, et al. Functional bracing for the treatment of fractures of the humeral diaphysis [ J ]. J Bone Joint Surg. Arn,2000,82:478~486.
7Giovanna Zatti, Marco Teli, Andero Ferrario. Treatment of closed humeral shaft fractures with intramedullary elastic nails[J]. The J of Trauma, 1998,1046~ 1050.
8Mauch J,Renner IV, Rikli D. Intramedullary nailing of humeral shaft fractures- initial experiences with an unreamed humerus nail[J]. Swiss Surg,2000,6(6) :299 ~ 303.
9Mulier T, Seligson D,Sioen W, et al. Operative treament of humeral shaft fractures[J]. Acta orthop Belg, 1997,63:17.
10Tingstad EM, Wolinsky PR, Shyr Y, et al. Effect of immediate weighthearing onplated fractures of the humeral shaft[J ]. J Trauma,2000,49(2) :278~280.
