生物滤池净化城市生活垃圾BMT发酵恶臭气体的研究

Removal of Odors from Fermentation Process of MSW Biological Mechanical Treatment Using Compost Biofilter

针对城市生活垃圾BMT过程中的恶臭气体,以堆肥为填料,在现场进行了生物滤池处理研究,分别测定了臭气的成分、臭气中TVOC浓度变化的规律、滤池的净化效率、填料中有机质、全氮、全碳、全磷和pH等特征,以及填料菌落数的变化.SPME-GC-MS的分析结果表明,恶臭气体中的主要有机污染物包括苯系物、萜烯和烷烃;臭气中TVOC浓度在发酵初期较大,而后逐渐减少,变化范围为68.3×10^-6-3.3×10^-6（体积分数）,滤池净化效率范围为31.5%-84.8%;在4个月的运行过程中,填料中有机质、总氮、总碳、总磷的含量基本上保持在比较稳定的数值,而水溶性总氮增加了53.7%,水溶性总磷减少了19.6%,填料的pH值在初始经历了一个升高阶段后稳定在7.8左右;填料中细菌和霉菌的数量呈上升趋势,而酵母菌和放线菌的数量呈下降趋势,分别为初始填料的3.1、3.4、0.04、0.07倍.

For the odour from fermentation processing of municipal solid waste biological mechanical treatment, a compost biofilter was established to investigate its performance and the characteristics change of compost. The component and TVOC concentration in odors, removal efficiency of biofilter, and total carbon （ TC ）, total nitrogen （ TN ）, total phosphorus （ TP）, organic matter （ OM ）, pH value and bacterial colony in compost media were measured respectively. SPME-GC-MS analysis showed that the main components of odors were BTEX, terpenes and alkane. The range of TVOC concentrations in odors during a fermentation process period and removal efficiencies of biofilter were 68.3 ×10^-6-3.3 ×10^-6 （volume fraction）, 31.5%-84.8% respectively. After about 4 months operation, TN, TC, TP and OM in compost were kept almost stably, but the dissolved N experienced an increase of 53.7 %, and the dissolved P decreased 19.6 %. The pH value experienced an increase in the former period and kept stable finally at about 7.8, which excursion was from 7.49 to 7.86. Analytical results for bacterial colony in packing material indicated that bacteria and mould colony counts increased, but yeasts and actinomyces decreased along with biofilter operation, which were 3.1, 3.4, 0.04, 0.07 times of their initial values respectively.