走向21世纪的地震科学技术

EARTHQUAKE SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY MOVING TOWARD THE 21ST CENTURY

近年来,地球科学研究有了迅速的发展。继板块构造学说问世之后,对全球的系统研究,从宏观上大大推动了对地球的认识,大量高新技术的应用也使地球科学研究的手段和方法日新月异。资源、环境、灾害等诸多方面的问题,又从社会和经济发展的角度给地球科学提出了新的要求和挑战。作为地球科学中一个分支的地震科学技术,在这一大背景下也同样获得了极大的促进与发展。为了了解当前国内外地震科技发展的现状,更好地依靠科学进步,推进防震减灾事业的发展,国家地震局科学技术委员会组织部分同志撰写了此文。文章从8个方面:地震学和地球内部物理学;地震地质和活动构造;深部地球物理探测;地壳形变测量;地震预测预报;地震危险性评估与地震区划;中长期地震预测与地震灾害损失预测;地震工程等,分别介绍了当前国内外在这些研究领域的最新进展和研究动态,供广大地震科技工作者在思考和讨论我国地震科技发展问题时参考。

In recent years, the researches in the earth sciences have been developing rapidly. After the establishment of the plate tectonic theory, the systematic studies of the earth have greatly improved our macroscopic understandings of the earth, and the uses of many high and new techniques are changing the means and methods for the studies of the earth sciences day by day. Many problems in resources, environment and hazards have made new demands on and offered challenges to the earth sciences, from the angle of social and economic developments. The earthquake science and technology, as a branch of the earth sciences, has also been greatly improved and developed on this background, In order to understand the present situation of the earthquake science and technology at home and abroad, promote the development of the research work of earthquake preparedness and disaster mitigation through the better use of scientific progresses, the Commission of Science and Technology, SSB organized some scientists to write this paper introducing the new developments and research trends at home and abroad at present in 8 aspects, such as: seismology and physics of the earth's interior; seismogeology and active tectonics; deep geophysical exploration; crustal deformation measurements; earthquake prediction and forecast; seismic risk evaluation and seismic zoning; long-and medium-term earthquake prediction and loss prediction of earthquake hazards; earthquake engineering, for the reference of seismological researchers in pondering and discussing the developments of the earthquake science and technology in China.