外商直接投资对中国东、中、西部地区经济增长作用机制的差异--1990-2004年地区数据的实证检验

Different Impacts of Foreign Direct Investment on Economic Growth among China′s Eastern,Middle and Western Regions:An Empirical Test of the Provincial Data from 1990 to 2004

本文基于一个外商直接投资(FDI)对经济增长作用的内生框架,分析了FDI对中国东、中、西部地区经济增长作用机制的差异。利用1990-2004年省际数据,发现FDI在中国各地区发挥的作用存在明显差别。FDI作为一种资本形式,对东部地区经济增长作用显著,对中部地区边际作用较大但不明显,对西部地区作用甚微;FDI在东部地区具有显著的技术外溢和资本挤入效应,对中部地区经济增长的作用主要表现为挤入效应而不是技术外溢效应,在西部地区,资本挤入和技术外溢效应均不明显。东、中部地区的经济增长有助于吸引FDI进入,而西部地区的经济增长并不能显著提高FDI的吸收规模。人力资本的提高对于西部地区吸引FDI的进入和地区经济效率的提升具有更为重要的意义。

Based on a framework in which FDI endogenously promotes economic growth, this paper concerns about the different mechanisms of FDI on economic growth in China＇s eastern, middle and western regions. Using the provincial data from 1990 to 2004, the paper finds out that the effects of FDI on China＇s different regions are obviously different. As a form of capital, FDI has a significant direct effect in the east and a larger but not significant marginal effect in the middle, while it plays a negligible role in the west. FDI significantly brings about technology spillover and crowding in effect in the east, while in the middle, it mainly causes the crowding in effect, in the west, neither crowding in nor technology spillover has appeared. The economic growth in the east and middle contributes to absorbing FDI, while in the west the scale of FDI absorbed has not been enlarged by the region＇s economic growth. It is the enhancement of human capital that has a greater meaning to attract FDI and improve regional economic efficiency for the west.