城镇留守与非留守儿童心理行为特征调查分析

Analysis of the characteristics of psychological behavior of guarded children and unguarded children in town

目的探索城镇留守与非留守儿童心理行为问题，为有针对性地进行心理健康、行为规范辅导提供依据。方法整群抽取重庆市铜梁县县城某小学四、五年级的学生518人（男255人，女263人），采用儿童孤独量表（Children’s山Loneliness Scale，CLS），艾森克人格问卷儿童版（Eysenck Personality Questionnaire，EPQ），自编一般情况量表进行问卷调查和评估。结果在被调查的9～12岁的留守儿童存在孤独感的有391人，其中男发生率75．69％，女发生率75．29％。而非留守儿童男女存在孤独感的发生率分别75．84％和27．38％。不同年龄、年级、父母外出情况的孤独感发生率的差异有统计学意义（P〈0．001）。就性别而言，9～12岁的留守儿童EPQ各维分男女间比较，差异均有统计学意义（P〈0．05），年龄间比较P、N、L差异均无统计学意义，但E维分9岁组、10岁组得分与11岁组、12岁组比较差异均有统计学意义（P〈0．05）。留守儿童与非留守儿童在P、N、L三个维度上差异有统计学意义（P〈0．05）。结论9～12岁的城镇留守儿童心理行为问题突出，父母外出打工缺乏对孩子的关爱教育，造成留守儿童比非留守儿童孤独感发生率高，个性倾向内向稳定，掩饰程度强。

Objective To explore the problems of psychological behavior of guarded children and unguarded children in Town, so as to offer scientific evidence to standardize tutorship of Psychological health behavior. Methods A questionnaire was conducted in TongLiang LongDu shool, which included 580 students from grade four and five, by the cluster sampling methods based on the Eysenck Personality Questionnaire（EPQ） and the Children＇s Loneliness Scale（CLS）. 518 of whom was guarded children （male 255, femal 263）. Results The number of loneliness for guarded children was 391, i. e. , 75.69% of the male and 75.29% of the female. To compared with unguarded children, the feeling of loneliness is 75.84% and 27.38% respectively. There were signifieant differences among the ages,the grades and the situations of the parents who are not at home（P〈0. 001）. As far as gender, there were significant differences between the boys and the girls in P, E, N, L dimensions （P〈0.05）, no differences in P, N, L dimensions concerning age, but significant differences between the scores of groups aged 9 ,aged 10 and aged 11 ,aged 12 in E dimension （P〈0. 05）. There was significant difference between guarded children and unguarded children in P, N, L dimensions （P〈0. 05, 0.01）. Conclusion To compared with unguarded children, the degrees and frequencies of loneliness among guarded children in town were high. Personality of students was steady introversion type, the effect of the concealing was high.