竞技体育不道德现象形成的现实因素

Realistic reasons for causing the immorality phenomena in sports

竞技体育不道德现象形成的现实因素可从宏观社会的影响、竞技体育制度方面的缺陷、运动员道德教育和管理的局限和薄弱、公众舆论环境和道德评价的宽容和支持、社会心理方面的原因等几方面进行分析。其中,宏观社会的影响包括市场机制和竞争机制的引入、道德规范未定型与价值的多元化、科技的切入以及生活、交往方式的变化等;竞技体育制度方面的缺陷包括竞技体育制度安排和设置不完善和不健全、竞技体育相关制度实施和操作的难度;运动员道德教育和管理的局限和薄弱包括运动员系统学校教育的缺失,对运动员业余时间管理的薄弱,重纪律、强制、轻内化的管理方式;公众舆论环境和道德评价的宽容和支持表现为观众、教练、运动员、媒体等对不道德现象的社会支持和道德宽容;社会心理方面的原因包括道德责任免除、去个性化、道德合理化、社会比较、对不道德行为结果的忽视和疏离等。

The realistic reasons for causing the immorality phenomena in sports may be analysed from the influence of macroscopic society, the faults of sports institution, the limitations and insufficiency on athlete＇s education and management, the tolerance and support of the public opinion and moral evaluation, and the reasons in social psychology. Among which, the influence of macroscopic society includes the entering of mechanism of market and competition, the un - formation of moral rule and the multiplicity of the society value, the entering of science and technique, and the change of life and association, etc. The faults of sports institution includes the un- perfect and un- sound in institution arrangement and institution design, the deference in practicing and operating the institution. The limitations and insufficiency on athlete＇ s education and management includes the lack of systematic school education for athletes, the unsubstantial in athlete＇s spare time management, the management way that stresses discipline and force too much but neglects inner civilization. The tolerance and support of the public opinion and moral evaluation that display the social support and moral tolerance to immorality phenomena which come from audiences, coaches, mass mediums, etc. and the seasons in social psychology include moral obligation relieving, personality relieving, being suit to morality, social comparing, neglecting the results of the immorality phenomena, etc.