海水养殖贝类体中TPH和PCBs的分布和积累研究

Study on the distribution and accumulation of TPH and PCBs in maricultured bivalves

根据2005年4月和10月对厦门海域贝类养殖区养殖贝类体中有毒有害物质含量的调查资料，对4种养殖贝类（僧帽牡蛎、菲律宾蛤仔、泥蚶和缢蛏）体中石油类（TPH）和多氯联苯（PCBs）含量的分布和积累特征进行了研究。结果表明，厦门海域4种养殖贝类体中TPH和PCBs含量范围分别为（2．89～34．6）mg／kg，湿重和（5．06～45．7）μg／kg，湿重，总平均值分别为12．3mg／kg，湿重和15．5μg／kg，湿重。总体上，养殖贝类体TPH和PCBs含量的区域分布，潮间带养殖贝类〉浅海养殖贝类〉虾池养殖贝类，呈西海域和同安湾内较高，大嶝海域较低的格局。养殖贝类体TPH和PCBs含量季节变化呈春季（4月）高于秋季（10月）之势。养殖贝类体内组织对TPH和PCBs吸收和积累能力的高低为胃（包括胃含物）〉肌肉组织〉外套腔液。缢蛏体对TPH的吸收和积累能力较强，泥蚶对PCBs吸收和积累能力较强。这与其自身对TPH和PCBs的吸收和排泄能力有密切的关系。厦门海域养殖贝类受到PCBs轻度污染，一些养殖区的缢蛏、泥蚶和僧帽牡蛎受到TPH的不同程度污染。

Based on the survey of toxic matters in cultured bivalves in April and October, 2005, the distribution and accumulation of TPH and PCBs in four bivalve species （Ostrea cucullata, Ruditapes philippinarum, Tegillarca ganosas and Sinonovacula constricta ） from Xiamen mariculture areas was studied. The contents of TPH and PCBs in these bivalves were （2.89-34.6） mg/kg · wet weight and （5.06-45. 7）μg/kg · wet weight, with an overall average of 12.3 mg/kg · wet weight and 15.5 μg/kg· wet weight, respectively. In general, the regional distribution of TPH and PCBs in cultured bivalves was ranked as. intertidal belt〉shallow sea,shrimp pond; higher concentration values were found in the west sea area of Xiamen and Tongan Bay, and lower values were found in Dadeng sea area. TPH and PCBs concentrations were also higher in spring than that in autumn. The absorption and accumulation capability for TPH and PCBs in bivalve tissues was ranked as. stomach content〉musculature〉succus of mantle cavity. S. constricta had higher capacity for absorbing and accumulating TPH, while T. ganosas had higher capacity for absorbing and accumulating PCBs. This is somehow related to the ability of accumulating and excreting TPH and PCBs in these animals. Cultured bivalves in Xiamen sea area were slightly polluted by PCBs, and S. constricta, T. ganosas,O, cucullata in some mariculture areas were contaminated by TPH to certain degrees.