云南地方稻核心种质耐低磷材料的评价方法研究及初步筛选

Evaluation method and primary screening of high-phosphorus efficiency germplasms of Yunnan rice landraces

分别在土壤有效磷含量为6·26与40mg/kg,有效磷为0·02与40mg/kg条件下,采用土培盆栽法对500余份云南地方稻核心种质进行耐低磷材料的筛选和鉴定研究。结果表明:①相对株穗重可作为核心种质磷高效材料全生育期评价的首选指标。②为避免单一筛选指标所造成的偏差,提出采用相对株穗重和与相对株穗重密切相关的多个耐低磷相对性状的加权值作为磷高效材料评价的综合筛选指标。③鉴定出大墨谷、西洋谷、毫汉多、糯谷、花谷三百棒、黄皮糯等12份超强耐低磷品种,可作为基因定位和磷高效品种选育的重要材料。④籼稻中强耐低磷品种的比例和份数较高,籼稻比粳稻的耐低磷能力较强;光壳稻强耐低磷品种的比例和份数较低。而粘稻和糯稻,水稻和陆稻之间耐低磷能力均无明显差异。

A study on screening and identification core collection of Yunnan landracos high-phosphorus efficiency （more than 500 accessions ） planted respectively in low phosphorous of soil （ 6.26 mg/kg） and high level （40 mg/kg）, low phosphorous of soil （ 0.02 mg/kg） and high level （40 mg/kg） in pot culture was conducted. The main results are as follows：（i） Relative grain yield per panicle could be used as first ideal index to screening and identifying rice genotypes for tolerance to low-P. （ii）To avoid errors caused by single-screen indicators, weights of relative grain yield per panicle and relative traits closely correlated to relative grain yield per panicle were put forward as general screening index to screen the high-phosphorus efficiency germplasms. （iii）Among core collection 12 super high-phosphorus efficiency germplasms such as Damogu, Xiyanggu, Haohanduo, Nuogu, Huagusanbaibang and Huangpinuo were screened out and identified as important materials of gene location and high-phosphorus efficiency breeding, （iv） P-deficiency tolerance of indica was more than that of japonica; more accessions and ratio of indica with high phosphorus efficiency were selected out. P-deficiancy tolerance of nuda rice was less than that of nonnuda rice,more accessions and ratio of non-nuda high phosphorus efficiency germplasms were identified. But there were no much more differant between paddy and upland rice,glutinous and glutinous rice .