香蒲、灯心草人工湿地的研究──Ⅰ.净化污水的效果

STUDIES ON ARTIFICIAL WETLAND WITH CATTAIL (TYPHA ANGUSTIFOLIA) AND RUSH (JUNCUS EFFUSUS) (Ⅰ):THE PERFORMANCE OF PURIFYING WASTEWATER

本文研究了种植香蒲Typhaangustifolia或灯心草Juncuseffusus的人工湿地对城镇污水和人工污水污染物的净化效果，调查了香蒲、灯心草不同季节的生长差异及高浓度污水冲击负荷对其生长的影响．香蒲、灯心草人工湿地净化城镇污水，出水水质总体上达到国家Ⅱ、Ⅲ类地面水标准；灯心草湿地对人工污水中凯氏氮、总磷、化学耗氧量的去除率维持在94％以上．氨氮的去除率为82．7％－99．7％；在正常条件下，香蒲湿地夏季对凯氏氮、氨氮的去除率在96％以上，冬李明显低于其它李节（P＜0．05）．对总磷,化学耗氧量的去除率一般均在94％以上,最低为85.8％．在冬季及高化学耗氧量（CODCcr1000mg／L左右）人工污水冲击下，香蒲叶枯死,而灯心草生长一直旺盛．因此，香蒲、灯心草是武汉及北纬30°附近地区人工湿地较为适宜的水生植物，特别是灯心草冬季生长良好，是更为理想的净水植物．

This paper describes the performance of artificial wetland wastewater treatment system (AWWTS) using cattail (Typha angustifolia). rush (Juncus effuscus) for upgrading municipal and artificial wastewater. the growth state of cattail and rush have heen investigated.The mean water quality of effluent from upgrading municipal wastewater by wetland.equivallent to Ⅱ and Ⅲ categorlea from the National Ground water Environmental QualityCriterion. In rush artificial wetland. removal effeciencies of KN、 NH4+- N. TP and CODCr are more than 94%. NH4+ - N is the range of 82. 2%-97. 7% from artificial wastewater:under ordinary condition. more than 96% KN and NH4+- N are removed in summer by cattails. but the removal effeciencv in winter is lower than other seasons (P<0.05 ). the removal effeciencies of TP and CODCr are steadily and above 94%(only one time 85. 8%).Cattails leaver are fallen in winter and under high loading CODCr (1000mg/L)wastewater, but rushes can grow vigorously all the time.Therefore, cattail and rush are suitable macrophytes to artificial wetland wastewater treatment system in Wuhan and they are broad distributed in the regions around 30°N,especially rush is better for growing vigorously in winter.