从我国人身权保护领域看侵权法的功能

Study of the Function of Tort Law From the Field of Protecting Human Body Right in Our Country

我国理论界主要确认了侵权行为法一般具有补偿、惩罚、制裁、教育、保护权利、分担损失等功能。从我国人身权保护领域来看,侵权法最主要的功能应该是补偿。以《民法通则》为基础,由其他单行法律构成了我国侵权法对人身权利的保护体系,基本体现了侵权法在保护人身权利方面的补偿功能。而产品质量、医疗事故、工伤事故、道路交通等是最易发生侵犯人身权利案件的典型领域。我国相关法律在上述领域中都或多或少存在问题,比如对受害人的补偿标准偏低、补偿范围过窄、赔偿方式不合理等,没有落实侵权法的补偿功能。同时,侵权法应当与社会保险、社会保障等救济机制相互配合,确保其补偿功能的实现。侵权法的发展趋势应是建立一种综合救济体制——设立综合救济基金,使得在大多数情况下受害人的损失都能得到及时、全面、有效的补偿。

The academic circles in our country confirm that tort law has the function of compensation, punishment, sanction, education, right-protection, sharing loss, or something. According to the field of protecting human body right in our country, the compensation function should be the most important function of tort law. Based on the General Rule of Civil Law, kinds of other separate laws have established the system of protecting the human body right in our country. The product quality, medical treatment accident, injury suffered accident and road traffic are the typical fields in which most the cases of infringing the human body rights happen. However, related laws on the fields above have some problems more or less. For example, the compensation standard is low ,the compensation range is narrow, the compensation way is unreasonable. The compensation function is not fulfilled very well. Meanwhile, tort law should coordinate with other relief mechanism such as social insurance, social guarantee. Make sure that the com- pensation function can be fulfilled. Finally, the development trend of tort law is to establish a comprehensive relief fund to compensate the victims＇ loss timely, overly and effectively at most times.