微型轿车乘员约束系统设计参数与人体损伤关系研究

Study on the relation between the mini-car restraint system design variables and human body injury

在微型轿车正面碰撞过程中,乘员容易受到严重伤害,优化乘员约束系统对于乘员的保护极其重要。综合利用LS-dyna、VPG等软件,建立了包含HybirdⅢ50th假人、坐椅、安全带和转向系统在内的某微型轿车约束系统模型。针对约束系统中的安全带织带刚度、卷收器锁止特性、安全带上挂点位置、坐垫刚度等敏感设计参数进行了碰撞过程的仿真计算,并给出了相应的乘员响应曲线和人体损伤值,同时总结出约束系统设计参数与乘员保护有效性间的规律。基于加权损伤准则,对约束系统进行了优化,使WWIC降幅达21%,提高了约束系统的保护性能。该规律可以应用于其他车型的乘员约束系统。

The present paper intends to introduce its authors＇ establishment of a restraint system model of a mini-car including a Hybird III 50^th dummy, a seat, seatbeh and the steering system by using such kinds of software as LS-dyna, VPG and so on. More accurately speaking, the model is set up based on the simulated calculation of the sensitive design variables of the restraint system, such as the seatbeh fabric rigidness, the retractor features, the upper slipping po- sition of seatbeh as well as the seat-cushion stiffness by giving out the corresponding passenger response curve and the human body injury liability data. In addition, the model has also worked out the regularity between the design variables and passenger protection efficiency, which are also expected to be applicable for the restraint systems of other types of vehicle. And finally, the paper has also put forward a set of designing variables available for the mini-car. The results of the simulation testing and measurement indicate that all of the injury criteria can be reduced to some degrees, especially for the HIC, with its injury value dropped from 455.6 to 323.0. And, in turn, the WIC （Weighted Injury Criterion） has dropped from 0.42 to 0.32 with 21% decreasing rate, which helps greatly to the protective performance improvement.