微乳聚合制备防辐射有机玻璃及其透明性研究

A study on the transparency of the anti-radiation organic glass prepared by way of microemulsion polymerization

铅板和无机铅玻璃制成的防辐射材料在应用上受到很多限制,研究防辐射有机透明玻璃成为热点。本文利用微乳聚合制备防辐射含铅有机玻璃,研究了微乳体系中不同因素对透明度的影响,通过正交试验对结果进行优化,得出制备含铅防辐射有机玻璃的配方,其中各成分的质量分数分别为:有机铅盐20%、MA20%、TX-106%、Pb(NO3)2/H2O18%、MMA9.1%、HEMA26.9%。对制备的含铅有机玻璃作了性能检测,其中铅的质量分数为12.96%,透光率为85.3%,冲击强度为2.93kJ/m2,拉伸强度为28.43MPa,玻璃转化点为133.47℃,密度为1.417g/m3,透明性较好。与国内外本体聚合的含铅防辐射有机玻璃相比,用微乳聚合制备的含铅防辐射有机玻璃具有较好的防辐射性能和耐热性能。

This paper is mainly aimed at introducing our study on the ways to improve the transparency of the organic glass by microemulsion polymerization. As is known, anti-radiation glass is traditionally made through mass polymerization. What we want to do is to prepare it through microemulsion polymerization in a kind of nano material and making it polymerized. In hoping to get a better performance from the material, we have first of all worked out organic glass con- taining lead salt by reversing the process of microemulsion polymerization. At the begirming, the phase diagram of different microemulsion systems were adopted to depict the different microemulsion regions derived from the results of the conductivity of the microemulsion. As is shown in the paper, we have taken a series of systems as samples, such as those of Pb（OA）2/ MA/ MMA/HEMA, etc. In so doing, the first step of ours is to draw the phase diagrams of the system to partition the single phase region into two phase regions, then, to distinguish the single phase to W/O microemulsion, and O/W microemulsion by varying the conductivity of microemulsions into functions of the quantities of TX-10 stock solution. Then, choose the proper W/O system from the phase diagram and dissolve the lead salt into MA and MMA at 70 ℃ so as to make it in an oil phase. After-wards, the surfactant＇s solution is mixed with cosurfactant together, with 2-Hydrooxy-2-methylpropio-phenone （1173） used as initiator and initiating through UV light. To make it possible to improve the trans-parency of the anti-radiation organic glass, we have made a general revision of the influence of different factors so as to optimize the result via orthogonality experiment. Next, the anti-radiation organic glass has been prepared with its lead content reaching 12.96%, the trans-mittance ratio up to 85.3% , impingement intensity - 2.93 kJ/m^2, and with other advantageious properties. Compared with traditionally made anti-radiatlon organic glass prepared by mass polymerization, ours enjoys higher anti-radiation ability and better heat collapse.