论明清之际历史小说的民族意识

On National Consciousness in the Historical Fictions between the Ming and Qing Dynasties

明清易代,民族政权转移,面对突变,汉族士人生活和心理受到深刻影响,因选择道路的差异而形成了不同的人生态度。但他们的基本着眼点还是华夷之变的民族意识上,巨大的心理落差带来的痛苦造成了对清王朝产生的潜意识的反抗,在一定程度上也影响着小说创作的风貌,小说家多陷入对故国往事的追忆与反思之中,并通过借写历史英雄人物和历史事件,反映出当时人民的民族情绪和反抗意识,但也存有很大的偏狭性。

During the period of the national regime＇ s change from the Ming to the Qing Dynasty, the life and psychology of the Han Nationality were deeply influenced in the conflict, and different life attitudes were formed due to different choices of life way. However, their basic concern lay on the national consciousness on the change from the regime of the Han Nationality to that of a minority. The pain caused by enormous psychological fall led to subconscious resistance against the Qing Dynasty, and influenced the writing of fictions to a certain extent. Most fictionists fell in the retrospection and introspection on the past dynasty and its stories, and reflected the people＇ s national emotion and resistance consciousness at that time by writing historical heroes and events, but there was some insularity in those fictions also.